The Validity of the Tourism-induced EKC Hypothesis: The Case of Turkey

This paper examines the existence of relationship between international tourist arrivals (TA), and Carbon dioxide emissions per capita (CO2) in Turkey over period 1960-2015. We also use energy (EU) GDP (GDP) as a control variables. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach was applied to analyze long-run among results confirmed validity tourism-induced Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. An increased tourism demand increases environmental pollution up point where sector attains certain development level, after which begin fall. On other hand, indicate that EKC hypothesis income CO2 has not been confirmed. Energy usage positive significant effects on carbon expected. For sustainable reduction Turkey, protection renewable should be supported by policy makers.